Although it lies in the tropics, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area’s high altitude is responsible for its temperate climate. The lowest, driest and warmest climate is experienced in the western plains and the Olduvai Gorge, which lie in the rain shadow of the Ngorongoro Crater. Moist air from the coast forms regular rain clouds on the southeastern slopes and rim, while the far side does not usually experience the same conditions.

A lush forest blankets the southeastern slopes and rim of the Crater, relying upon the regular mist and drizzle. Characterised by tall, evergreen trees that meet overhead to form a closed, green canopy, the forest abounds with lichens, ferns and orchids. Different tree species dominate at different elevations, creating distinct layers of vegetation. Among the largest and most impressive trees is the strangler fig, whose juicy fruits are relished by birds, insects and other small creatures. Stretches of the Crater rim, particularly around the Lodge, are covered in leafy shrubs and flowering herbs that attract hordes of birds when in bloom.

An open forest of unmistakable fever trees with their pale bark grows between the Crater slopes and Lake Magadi, nurtured by a permanent supply of underground water. Enough light penetrates for a lush layer of grass to grow on the forest floor, providing perfect grazing territory for bushbuck, waterbuck, eland, elephant and buffalo. Troops of olive baboon and vervet monkey are also common. The large supply of insects draws numerous birds, with larger species such as the long-crested eagle hunting at the forest’s edge and vultures nesting in the tops of the taller trees. One of the quintessential images of the Crater floor, the shallow Lake Magadi attracts huge flocks of flamingo, as well as other birds.